Heat treatment enhancement of natural orange-red sapphires
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Enhancement of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Annular Enclosures
Natural convection heat transfer was investigated experimentally in a concentric-cylinders annulus. To enhance the rate of heat transfer, pin fins were installed on the surface of the inner cylinder. Two fin arrangements were employed, namely, staggered and in-line arrangements. The length of the fins varied from 2 to 8 cm and the Rayleigh number Ra changed in the range from 5 x 105 to 5 x 106...
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Recent technological developments have lead to significant increase in the generated heat by electronic and optical components. The removal of high heat fluxes can be successfully treated by several methods, e.g. impinging jets. Further improvement is offered by incorporating arrays of jets or causing jets to pulsate. The research reported herein introduces a new method which is based on actuat...
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A large percentage of rubies and sapphires undergo some degree of heat treatment to enhance their color and, as a result, to increase their value. As the majority of “processors” certify their gems as “heat treated”, this practice is accepted by the trade. Established treatment methods involve super-heating the gems to near melting point, around 2000 °C, and diffusing them with hydrogen. Dealer...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Advances in Materials Sciences
سال: 2012
ISSN: 2083-4799,1730-2439
DOI: 10.2478/v10077-012-0006-3